Which of the following statements about Article 20(1) of the Constitution of India is/are correct?

1. It contains a provision against ex post facto legislation.

2. A legislation shall not be competent to make a criminal law retrospective.

Select the answer using the code given below.

Article 20(1) protects against ex post facto criminal laws — no person can be convicted except for violating a law in force at the time of the act, nor given a penalty greater than what that law prescribed. Both statements describe this same safeguard: it bars ex post facto legislation (Statement 1) and specifically bars retrospective criminal law (Statement 2). Hence both are correct.