Which of the following are a part of the 'basic features' of the Constitution of India as drawn from various decisions of the Supreme Court?
1. Effective access to justice
2. Rule of Law
3. Limitations upon the amending power under Article 368
Select the correct answer using the code given below.
Answer: (d)
The Basic Structure doctrine, evolved through Supreme Court judgments (notably Kesavananda Bharati and subsequent cases), recognizes all three as basic features: effective access to justice, rule of law, and limitations on Parliament's amending power under Article 368 (i.e., Parliament cannot amend the basic structure itself).