1. Since the States had an independent existence prior to the formation of the Federation, the Constitution of India provided for safeguards for protecting 'State rights', similar to the Constitution of the United States.
2. The residuary powers are reserved with the States under the Constitution of the United States, but these are with the Union under the Constitution of India.
3. The Constitution of India has followed the Irish Constitution in vesting the residuary powers.
Select the answer using the code given below.
Answer: (b)
Statement 1 is incorrect — unlike the US, Indian states did not have independent existence prior to the Union, so no special safeguards for 'State rights' were built in on that basis. Statement 2 is correct — in the US, residuary powers rest with the states, while in India they rest with the Union (Article 248, Union List). Statement 3 is incorrect — the Irish Constitution isn't the source for residuary power vesting; India's model here draws more from the Government of India Act, 1935 (Ireland's influence on India's Constitution is mainly Directive Principles of State Policy).